Optimal Tuning of a Digital PID Controller for Commercial BLDC Motors Using the Nelder-Mead Method
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Hanoi University of Science and Technology
Power Electronics and Drives 2025;10 (45)
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ABSTRACT
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely used in various applications due to their high efficiency and reliability. Many sensorless BLDC motor drivers, developed using zero-crossing detection of back electromotive force (EMF), eliminate the need for position sensors such as Hall sensors. The speed of a BLDC motor can be conveniently controlled using the trapezoidal control method, where pulse-width modulation is applied to the input DC voltage of the converter to regulate motor speed. Although PID controllers are commonly used, tuning their parameters accurately is often difficult and challenging. Therefore, this study explores the use of the Nelder-Mead optimization method for tuning digital PID controllers in commercial outer-rotor BLDC motors. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the Nelder-Mead method is highly effective for PID tuning in commercial BLDC motor drives, resulting in significant reductions in settling time and system overshoot.