Energy Optimal Control of Electromechanical Systems: Trade-off Demands
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1
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
2
Department of Power Systems and Electric Drives, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
Power Electronics and Drives 2025;10 (45):177-188
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ABSTRACT
This study presents research on the impact of the selection of the required manoeuvre time on the energy consumption of an
electromechanical system, using the example of a train. Two different energy conservation control strategies [energy optimal control
(EOC) and energy near-optimal control (ENOC)] were applied to assess their consumption as a function of recommended travel time.
The optimal control variables are provided by an energy-saving reference position generator, whose outputs are then faithfully followed
using a feedback control based on field orientation, and this is accomplished with a matched zero dynamic lag pre-compensator, yielding
the required closed-loop dynamics. The load torque, consisting of constant, linear and quadratic components as a function of speed,
is treated as a state variable. The potential for energy savings by reducing the speed of such systems was verified through MATLAB
simulations. As a representative controlled electromechanical system, a suburban train unit was chosen for simulations to evaluate the
energy consumption of both control approaches.